Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches' perception vs. observational results.

Introduction: Recently, several studies on the 7 vs. 6 "empty goal" (EG) in handball have produced different and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavior of teams and players in the 7 vs. 6 EG attack in the European (Euro) and World Championships (WCh) between 2020 and 2023 and characterize the coaches' perceptions. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of the following: (i) an observational methodology and instrument developed and validated to collect observational data on player and team behavior; and (ii) a developed and validated questionnaire to coaches on their perceptions of the 7 vs. 6 game. Observational data were collected during the Euro 2020 and 2022 games (n = 62) and the WCh 2021 and 2023 games (n = 70). A total of 132 games and 391 situations of 7 vs. 6 attacking sequences were observed. In total, 156 coaches participated (146 men), with a mean age 42.33 ± 11.87 years, 19 nationalities, and with 12.77 ± 9.45 years of experience. Results and discussion: The choice of 7 vs. 6 offensive play was mostly made in the second half (>73%). The effectiveness of 7 vs. 6 offensive sequences was higher in the top six teams than in the team's ranked 7th to 12th (Euro 2020 51.6%-50.0%; WCh 2021 52.0%-50.0%; Euro 2022 53.1%-41.7%; WCh 2023 50.0%-43.8%). Some patterns of association were found (p < 0.05 and with values >±1.96): (i) scoring a goal with a breakthrough shot was significantly associated with the effectiveness of the 7 vs. 6 attack (Euro 2020 2.61; WCh 2021 2.87; Euro 2022 2.68; WCh 2023 2.32); (ii) teams in the top six significantly used 7 vs. 6 when they were winning (Euro 2020 2.17; WCh 2021 3.52; Euro 2022 5.88; WCh 2023 2.54); and (iii) teams in the bottom six used it when they were losing by at least four goals (Euro 2020 7.56; Euro 2022 6.64; WCh 2023 4.37) or when they were winning by four goals or more (WCh 2021 2.58). Coaches that agree with the possibility of playing 7 vs. 6 (74.4%), rarely or never do so (55.6%) because it brings little or no advantage (52.6%). The results of the analysis confirmed the perception of the coaches, the low use of 7 vs. 6, the low advantage associated with it, and the influence of the result and the moment of the game on its use.

Effect of goalkeepers' offensive participation on team performance in the women Spanish La Liga: a multinomial logistic regression analysis.

This study aimed to examine the effect of goalkeeper distribution on offensive team performance, during the 2018/2019 and 2019-2020 seasons of the Women Spanish La Liga. A total of 10,868 distributions, during 376 matches were analyzed by systematic observation. Two UEFA PRO coaches designed an ad hoc observation instrument "GOALDFOOT" and one observer coded the data after a training process. An intra-observer reliability kappa index of 0.94 was established. Results show how the offensive effectiveness of the goalkeepers was similar to outfield players, with 0.4% of possessions ending in a goal, 2.2% ending in an attempt on goal, with 79.4% ending unsuccessfully. The goalkeeper lost possession from their distribution 32.5% of the time. Multivariate analysis identified several predictors of goalkeepers' distributions. The results show that teams classified in the middle zone of the final classification of the regular league had 1.2 times more probability of being successful compared with the lowest ranked teams (p < 0.05). Goalkeeper's distribution beginning during Open play after a transition, represented an increase success rate of almost 3 times compared to being performed from a free kick (p < 0.05). Passes from outfield players to a goalkeeper made from distant zones to the own goal, decreased the probability of success (p < 0.001). The pitch location of the distribution outcome near to the opponent goal offered the best probability of success. In conclusion, the most effective offensive sequences occur with dynamic transitions initiated with short passes. This information can provide coaches and players with insights to improve the offensive performance of goalkeepers.

Sistema de observación para la evaluación técnica en la danza clásica: ejercicio del battement jeté / Sistema de observação paraavaliação técnica em dança clássica:exercício battement jeté / Observation system fortechnical evaluation in classical dance: battement jeté exercise

Los bailarines y las bailarinas de danza clásica entrenan rigurosamente para alcanzar el mayor grado técnico y artístico de calidad en sus ejercicios. Entre los que conforman sus entrenamientos están los de barra, siendo los battement jeté en sus diferentes formas de ejecución, los encargados del movimiento de acción de los pies-piernas. El objetivo del estudio es crear y validar una herramienta de observación ad hoc que permita evaluar el ejercicio del battement jeté; en su diseño se utilizó una combinación de formato de campo y sistemas de categorías exhaustivas y mutuamente excluyentes (E/ME). El instrumento se compone de 5 criterios y un total de 66 categorías distribuidas de la siguiente forma: 31 en tren inferior, 8 en tren superior, 13 para cabeza/mirada, 5 en dirección espacial y 9 para las cuentas musicales. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 10 bailarines/as, ocho mujeres y dos hombres, todos con estudios profesionales en danza clásica finalizados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de Calidad del Dato y un análisis de Generalizabilidad con los programas HOISAN y SAGT v1.0 respectivamente. La fiabilidad de los observadores se obtuvo mediante el cálculo de los coeficientes de correlación Pearson, Spearman y Tau b de Kendall; y mediante el índice de concordancia Kappa de Cohen y concordancia canónica de Krippendorf. Los resultados mostraron índices adecuados de correlación, así como excelentes resultados de la Generalizabilidad con un valor G relativo y G absoluto de 1.00 en el acuerdo interobservador y 1.00 para el acuerdo intraobservador, demostrando que la herramienta de observación para el ejercicio del battement jeté en la danza clásica presenta una adecuada precisión, fiabilidad y validez. Se hace un análisis de invarianza y no se evidencian diferencias significativas en los resultados por razón de sexo en el uso de la herramienta de observación. (AU)

Classical dancers train rigorously to achieve the highest technical and artistic quality in their exercises. Among those that make up his training are those of the barre, being the battement jeté in their different forms of execution, those in charge of the action movement of the feet-legs.The objective of the study is to create and validate an ad hoc observation tool that allows an evaluation of the exercise of the battement jeté; A combination of field format and exhaustive and mutually exclusive (E/ME) category systems was used in its design. The instrument is made up of 5 criteria and a total of 66 categories distributed as follows: 31 in the lower body, 8 in the upper body, 13 for head/gaze, 5 in spatial direction, and 9 for musical accounts. The studysample consisted of 10 dancers, eight women, and two men, all with completed professional studies in classical dance. A Data Quality analysis and a Generalizability analysis were carried out with the HOISAN and SAGT v1.0 programs respectively. Observer reliability was obtained by calculating the Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall's Tau b correlation coefficients; and using Cohen's Kappa concordance index and Krippendorf's canonical concordance. The results showed adequate correlation indices, as well as excellent Generalizability results with a relative G value and absolute G value of 1.00 for inter-observer agreement and 1.00 for intra-observer agreement, demonstrating that the observation tool for the battement jeté exercise in the Classical dance presents anadequate precision, reliability, and validity. An invariance analysis is made and no significant differences are found in the results due to the question of male or female gender in using the observation tool. (AU)

Os bailarinos clássicos treinam rigorosamente para atingir o mais alto grau de qualidadetécnica e artística em seus exercícios. Entre os exercícios que compõem o seu treino estão os exercícios da barra, sendo o battement jeté nas suas diferentes formas de execução, os responsáveis pelo movimento de ação dos pés-pernas. O objetivo do estudoé criar e validar uma ferramenta de observação ad hoc que permita avaliar o exercício do battement jeté. Uma combinação de formato de campo e sistemas de categoria exaustiva e mutuamente exclusiva (E/ME) foram usadas no seu design. O instrumento é composto por 5 critérios e um total de 66 categoriasdistribuídas da seguinte forma: 31 na parte inferior do corpo, 8 na parte superior do corpo, 13 para cabeça/olhar, 5 para direção espacial e 9 para contas musicais. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 10 bailarinos, sendo oito mulheres e dois homens, todos com formação profissional em dança clássica concluída. Uma análise de qualidade de dados e uma análise de generalização foram realizadas com os programas HOISAN e SAGT v1.0, respectivamente. A confiabilidadedo observador foi obtida calculando-se os coeficientes de correlação Tau b de Pearson, Spearman e Kendall e o índice de concordância Kappa de Cohen, bem como a concordância canônica de Krippendorf. Os resultados mostraram índices de correlação adequados, bem como excelentes resultados de generalização com valor de G relativo e valor de G absoluto de 1,00 para concordância interobservador e 1,00 para concordância intraobservador, demonstrando que a ferramenta de observação para o exercício battement jeté nadança clássica apresenta precisão, confiabilidade e validade adequadas. Foi ainda realiazada uma análise de invariância e não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos resultados em função do sexo no uso da ferramenta de observação. (AU)

Análisis descriptivo y comparativo de los goles conseguidos tras saques de esquina en la liga española 1ª división: temporadas 2015 y 2019 / Descriptive and comparative analysis of the goals achieved after corner kicks in the Spanish league 1st division: 2015 and 2019 seasons / Análise descritiva e comparativa dos gols marcados após escanteios na 1ª divisão do liga espanhola: temporadas de 2015 e 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue describir de manera exhaustiva la manera de obtener goles tras saque de esquina para analizar la existencia de diferencias, entre las temporadas 2014/15 y 2018/19 en la Liga de Primera División española. El estudio pretendió analizar la incidencia real de esta acción del juego e identificar qué variables están asociadas a la eficacia de la acción al analizar todos los saques de esquina que acaban en gol en dichas temporadas. Para ello se construyó una herramienta de registro en la que se incluyeron criterios contextuales y criterios relacionados con el desarrollo de la acción de gol. Como conclusión, los resultados evidencian una estimación de la tendencia hacia un predominio de los saques de esquina directos o de primera acción (2014/15) hacia saques de esquina de segundas acciones (2018/19). Se observó un incremento del número de jugadores que actúan y una pérdida del predominio del remate de cabeza como acción finalizadora. (AU)

The objectives of the study were to exhaustively describe the way of scoring goals after corner kicks in order to analyze the existence of differences, between the 2014/15 (n = 112) and 2018/19 (n = 90) seasons, in the Liga de Spanish First Division. The study aimed to analyze the real incidence of this game action and identify which variables are associated with the effectiveness of the action by analyzing all the SDE actions thatend in a goal in those seasons. As a main conclusion, the results could show a certain evolution of the predominance of direct or first-action corner kicks (2014/15) towards second or third-action corner kicks (2018/19). Increased the number of players involved in the action and a loss of the dominance of the header as a finishing action, probably related to the change in trend from direct corner kicks (2014/15) towardssecond-action corner kicks or rebounds (2018/19). (AU)

Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever exaustivamente a forma de marcar golos após pontapés de canto, de forma a analisar a existência de diferenças, entre as épocas 2014/15 (n=112) e 2018/19 (n=90), na primeira Liga Espanhola. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a real incidência dessa ação no jogo e identificar quais variáveis que estão associadas à efetividade da ação analisando todas as ações da SDE que terminam em golos nessas temporadas. Como principal conclusão, os resultados puderam evidenciar uma certa evolução da predominância dos pontapés de canto diretos ou de primeira ação (2014/15) para os pontapés de canto de segunda ação (2018/19). Verificou-se ainda um aumento do número de jogadores envolvidos na ação e perdado domínio do cabeceamento como ação de finalização, provavelmente relacionado à mudança na tendência do canto direto (2014/15) para cantos ou ressaltos de segunda ação (2018/19). (AU)

Análisis de las interacciones de la línea de medios de un equipo de fútbol de élite. Estudio de caso / Análise das interações da linha de mídia de um time de futebol de elite. Estudo de caso / Analysis of the interactions of the media line of an elite football team. Case study

El análisis de las interacciones que se producen entre jugadores de un equipo de fútbol durante una competición tiene una gran importancia ya que del resultado de las mismas se alcanzan los resultados de los encuentros. Unas interacciones que a priori parecen ser fruto de la casualidad, pero se ha demostrado que no son el resultado del azar. La capacidad de anticiparse y/o estar preparado a estos comportamientos del adversario, aumentará las posibilidades de éxito. Por ello se ha establecido un doble objetivo de estudio; identificar mediante análisis de coordenadas polares las relaciones y vínculos que se establecen entre los jugadores que componen la línea de medios, centrocampistas, del equipo campeón de la Supercopa de España 2020, el Real Madrid CF entre sí. Así como identificar las sinergias que se producen entre esta línea de jugadores, en su conjunto, con las diferentes líneas que conforman la estructura táctica del equipo. Para ello se ha hecho uso de un instrumento de observación contrastado para la recogida de datos los cuales se trataron, posteriormente, mediante el análisis de coordenadas polares. En ellos se constata que la línea de medios, en referencia a las relaciones inter-líneas, manifiesta una desconexión de la línea de medios con la defensa y portero, y se relaciona consigo misma de forma significativa, aunque no con la misma intensidad en todos sus miembros (relaciones intra-línea). (AU)

The analysis of the interactions that occur between players of a soccer team during a competition is of great importance since the results of the matches are obtained from the results of the same. Some interactions that a priori seem to be the result of chance, but it has been shown that they are not the result of chance. The ability to anticipate and/or be prepared for these adversary behaviors will increase the chances of success. For this reason, a double objective of study has been established; To identify, through analysis of polar coordinates, the relationships and links that are established between the players that make up the midfielder line, midfielders, the champion team of the 2020 Spanish Super Cup, Real Madrid CF and each other. As well as identifying the synergies that occur between this line of players, as a whole, with the different lines that make up the tactical structure of the team.For this purpose, a contrasted observation instrument has been used to collect data, which were subsequently treated by means of the analysis of polar coordinates. They show that the midfield line, in reference to inter-line relationships, shows a disconnection between the midfield line and the defense and goalkeeper, and is significantly related to itself, although not with the same intensity in all of them (intra-line relationships. (AU)

A análise das interações que ocorrem entre jogadores de umtime de futebol durante uma competição é de grande importância uma vez que os resultados das partidas são obtidos a partir dos resultados das mesmas. Algumas interações que a priori parecem ser fruto do acaso, mas foi demonstrado que não são fruto do acaso. A capacidade de antecipar e/ou estar preparado para esses comportamentos adversários aumentará as chances de sucesso. Por isso, estabeleceu-se um duplo objetivo de estudo; Identificar, através da análise de coordenadas polares, as relações e ligações que se estabelecem entre os jogadores que compõem a linha de médios, os médios, a equipa campeã da Supertaça de Espanha 2020, o Real Madrid CF e entre si. Assim como identificar as sinergias que ocorrem entre esta linha de jogadores, como um todo, com as diferentes linhas que compõem a estrutura tática da equipe.Para tanto, utilizou-se um instrumento de observação contrastado para a coleta de dados, os quais foram posteriormente tratados por meio da análise de coordenadas polares. Eles mostram que a linha do meio-campo, em referência às relações entre as linhas, apresenta uma desconexão entre a linha do meio-campo e a defesa e o goleiro, e está significativamente relacionada a si mesma, embora não com a mesma intensidade em todas elas. -relações de linha). (AU)

Compliance with Clinical Supervision Guidelines and its Relations with Confidence of the Supervisees / Cumplimiento de las pautas de supervisión clínica y su relación con la confianza de los supervisados

Background: Clinical supervision is a procedure for the training of health psychologists based on the guidance of more expert professionals, who provide guidelines for action. Using observational methodology, the aim of this paper is to study compliance with the guidelines and probably related variables, such as the confidence of the therapists with supervision and its methods. Method: Six novice therapists, seven supervisors, and 31 users participated in the study; all of them belonged to the university clinic of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CPA-UAM). Confidence was assessed using a self-report questionnaire and compliance with the guidelines using an observational rating-scale. Results: The most common method of supervision was discussion; confidence with supervision and its methods were associated with greater compliance with the guidelines. Conclusions: The results of this study open the door to the development of a guide for action for supervisors, helping them in their task. (AU)

Antecedentes: La supervisión clínica es un procedimiento para la formación de psicólogos clínicos y de la salud basado en la guía de profesionales más experimentados, quienes proporcionan pautas de acción. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar, utilizando metodología observacional, el cumplimiento de las pautas y variables probablemente relacionadas, como la confianza de los terapeutas en la supervisión y sus métodos. Método: Participaron seis terapeutas noveles, siete supervisores y 31 usuarios, todos ellos de la clínica de psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CPA-UAM). La confianza se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de autoinforme y el cumplimiento de las pautas mediante una escala de calificación observacional. Resultados: El método más común de supervisión fue la discusión de casos; la confianza en la supervisión y sus métodos se asoció con un mayor cumplimiento de las pautas. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio abren la puerta al desarrollo de una guía de acción para los supervisores, ayudándolos en su tarea. (AU)

Future horizons in the analysis of technical-tactical performance in women's football: a mixed methods approach to the analysis of in-depth interviews with professional coaches and players.

Introduction: Scientific knowledge about the criteria that determine success in women's football is beginning to develop. Methods: This study was carried out with the aim of detecting regularities in the offensive success in elite women's football, as well as carrying out an interrelational analysis of linked behaviors, based on in-depth interviews with professional coaches and players. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted with professional Spanish coaches and players. The interviews were analyzed by indirect observation from a process of "quantitizing," through the construction of an indirect observation ad hoc instrument. The segmentation of the transcription of the interviews was carried out in textual units, and the creation of a matrix of codes. Two types of analysis were performed: first, a lag sequential analysis (LSA) was performed and, then, a polar coordinates analysis (PCA), which allowed to find, respectively, a wide number of established communicative patterns with offensive performance in women's football, as well as an interrelational map between the established codes. Results: The results obtained allowed us to suggest a statistically significant association between success in women's football and criteria such as the physical characteristics of a particular player, the individual action space, the duration of the attack, the type of dynamic start, individual and collective technical and tactical aspects, decision making and the type of attack used. Discussion: Based on these results, the influence of these criteria on performance in women's soccer can be studied in future studies. In addition, with the aim of increasing the validity of these conclusions, new studies on this subject may be carried out following strategies such as the Delphi Method.

New insights into the behavioral structure of Pikler educators: An application of T-pattern detection and analysis with THEME.

Introduction: The recent generalization of early childhood schooling has given rise to a need for the development of rigorous, specific training programs aimed at early education professionals (0-3 years of age). This work emanates from the unique nature of Pikler-Lóczy education as a reference for early childhood education centers, and its expertise in providing quality care in an everyday classroom situation. The aim of the study is to use T-pattern detection and analysis, within the framework of observational methodology, to identify relevant aspects of the choreography followed by Pikler educators during breakfast, and thus provide substantial material with a view to creating a training plan. Methods: Two expert educators in Pikler-Lóczy education were directly and systematically observed in their own classrooms, following a nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional design. The observation instrument underwent a molarization process so that the detected elements would be more significant and understandable for novice educators. Results: Using THEME, the invariant aspects of the educators' behavior were analyzed. The significance level for the critical interval was the THEME default (α = 0.005). The results show: on the one hand, changes expected in T-patterns in accordance with the observation instrument molarity; and on the other hand, stability in terms of the comparison between the two educators. Discussion: These results help us to identify the complex structure of the breakfast choreography, and how educators establish interaction with children. In addition to specific issues pertaining to Pikler-Lóczy education, the conclusions highlight the advantages of using T-pattern analysis within the framework of observational methodology, in order to dissect a mealtime routine in its natural context, and explain components of early childhood education intervention that satisfy basic childhood needs. This constitutes a starting point from which to generate instructive material for the training of professionals working in early education.

Sistema de observación para la evaluación técnica en la danza clásica: ejercicio del battement tendu / Sistema de observação para avaliação técnica em dança clásica: exercício battement tendu / Observation system for technical evaluation in classical dance: battement tenduexercise

El battement tendu, en sus diferentes formas de ejecución y cada una de ellas con su propio objetivo de trabajo, se hace indispensable desde los primeros cursos de formación en la danza académica, ya que proporciona la base para el aprendizaje de los bailarines y las bailarinas.El presente estudio muestra una herramienta de observación diseñada ad hoc para este ejercicio,compuesta por una combinación de formato de campo y sistemas de categorías, exhaustivas y mutuamente excluyentes (E/ME),con el objetivo de poder validar, codificar y evaluar dicho ejercicio de danza clásica en una barra de ballet. El instrumento se compone de 5criterios y un total de 54 categorías distribuidas de la siguiente forma: 23 en tren inferior, 9 en tren superior, 10 para cabeza/mirada, 3 en dirección espacial y 9 para las cuentas musicales. La muestra seleccionada en el estudio estaba formaba por 10 bailarines/as, ocho mujeres y dos hombres, todos con un nivel profesional en danza clásica. Se realizó un análisis de Calidad del Dato y un análisis de Generalizabilidad con los programas HOISAN y SAGTv1.0 respectivamente. Lafiabilidad de los observadores se llevó a cabo mediante el cálculo de los coeficientes de correlación Pearson, Spearman y Tau b de Kendall; y mediante el índice de concordancia Kappa de Cohen y concordancia canónica de Krippendorf. Los resultados mostraron adecuados coeficientes de correlación e índices concordancia, así como excelentes resultados de la Generalizabilidad con un valor G relativo y G absoluto de .99 en el acuerdo interobservador y 1.00 para el acuerdo intraobservador, revelando que la herramienta de observación para el ejercicio del battement tenduen la danza clásica presenta una óptima precisión, fiabilidad y validez. (AU)

The battement tendu, in its different forms of execution and each of them with its own work objective, is essential from the first training courses in academic dance, since it provides the basis for the learning of dancers and dancers.The present study shows an observation tool designed ad hoc for this exercise, composed of a combination of field format and category systems, exhaustive and mutually exclusive (E/ME), with the aim of being able to validate, codify and evaluate said exercise. of classical dance at a ballet barre. The instrument is made up of 5 criteria and a total of 54 categories distributed as follows: 23 in lower body, 9 in upper body, 10 for head/gaze, 3 in spatial direction and 9 for musical counts. The sample selectedin the study was made up of 10 dancers, eight women and two men, all with a professional level in classical dance. A Data Quality analysis and a Generalizability analysis were performed with the HOISAN and SAGT v1.0 programs, respectively. The reliabilityof the observers was carried out by calculating the Pearson, Spearman and Kendall's Tau b correlation coefficients, and through Cohen's Kappa concordance index and Krippendorf's canonical concordance. The results showed adequate correlation coefficients and concordance indexes, as well as excellent Generalizability results with a relative G and absolute G value of .99 in the interobserver agreement and 1.00 for the intraobserver agreement, revealing that the observation tool for the exercise of the battement tenduin classical dance presents optimal precision, reliability and validity. (AU)

O battement tendu, em suas diferentes formas de execução e cada uma de las com seu próprio objetivo de trabalho, é essencial desde os primeiros cursos de formação em dança acadêmica, pois fornece a base para o aprendizado de bailarinos e bailarinas.O presente estudo apresenta um instrumento de observação concebido ad hoc para este exercício, composto por uma combinação de formato de campo e sistemas de categorias, exaustivos e mutuamente exclusivos (E/ME), com o objectivo de poder validar, codificar e avaliar o referido exercício. de dança clássica em uma barra de balé. O instrumento é composto por 5 critérios e um total de 54 categorias distribuídas da seguinte forma: 23 na parte inferior do corpo, 9 na parte superior do corpo, 10 na cabeça/olhar, 3 na direção espacial e 9 na contagem musical. A amostra selecionada no estudo foi composta por 10 bailarinos, sendo oito mulheres e dois homens, todos com nível profissional em dança clássica. Uma análise de qualidade de dados e uma análise de generalização foram realizadas com os programas HOISAN e SAGT v1.0, respectivamente. A confiabilidade dos observadores foi realizada por meio do cálculo dos coeficientes de correlação Tau b de Pearson, Spearman e Kendall; e através do índice de concordância Kappa de Cohen e concordância canônica de Krippendorf. Os resultados mostraram coeficientes de correlação e índices de concordância adequados, bem como excelentes resultados de Generalizabilidade com um valor de G relativo e G absoluto de 0,99 na concordância interobservador e 1,00 na concordância intraobservador, revelandoque a ferramenta de observação para o exercício do battement tenduna dança clássica apresenta ótima precisão, confiabilidade e validade. (AU)

Methodological procedure based on quantitizing/liquefying: a case study to assess work climate in an emergency department.

Introduction: In the assessment of health organizations, results-based indicators are mainly used, with no consideration of internal work dynamics. This type of assessment forfeits much of the rich, useful information needed to make decisions on improving the organization. In order to address this, a rigorous procedure based on mixed methods is laid out here on gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data associated with the implementation process. Methods: A 55-year-old doctor was selected at random from among the staff who volunteered to be interviewed at the emergency department at a public hospital located in southern Spain for an interview. Qualitative data obtained from the in-depth interview (indirect observation) were progressively systematized (liquefied and quantitized) based on a theoretical framework until a code matrix was obtained, without losing or distorting any information. Afterwards, data quality was controlled using Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient. A quantitative polar coordinate analysis was then carried out using the free software HOISAN (v. 1.6.3.3) to obtain robust results, vectorizing the relationships between codes and specifying whenever such relationships were statistically significant (and if they resulted in behavior activation or inhibition). Finally, a supplementary quantitative and qualitative assessment was carried out. Results and discussion: The proposed method was applied to the needs assessment of teams in order to evaluate that work climate in the hospital's emergency department Health Services of a hospital. Data quality control yielded an adequate result (κ = 0.82). Significant activation and inhibition of behaviors occurred, both prospectively and retrospectively. For instance, We seek to understand the needs of our clients and We readily adapt to new circumstances showed a significant activation (vector length = 3.43, p < 0.01) both prospectively (Zsum = 0.48) and retrospectively (Zsum = 3.4).An adequate method to obtain detailed information about group dynamics in a work environment is presented, based on an in-depth interview. Practical applications for implementations to improve the functioning of organizations are presented.

Effects of Age and Playing Tactics on the Individual Tactical Behavior in U10 and U12 Elite Spanish Soccer Players.

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of age and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance in young soccer players. A total of 1247 individual possessions during 16 knockout matches from LaLiga Promises U12 tournament (n = 621) and LaLiga U10 Iscar Cup (n = 626) were analyzed by observational methodology. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regression models were created to explain the interdependent effects of age category and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance. Youth players performed most of their actions against defensive pressure (72.5%), during offensive support (91.3%) and receiving the ball facing forward (62.6%). The most frequent action was to receive and pass the ball (69.6%) and the level of offensive success was 56.9%. The multilevel mixed models revealed that U10 players presented higher odds of running with the ball vs. passing the ball (OR = 1.823; 95% CI: 1.333−2.493; p < 0.001) and lower odds of achieving offensive success (OR = 0.698; 95% CI: 0.525−0.928; p < 0.05) than U12 players. Regarding playing tactics, technical-tactical dimensions such as the players' body shape when receiving the ball, offensive support, defensive pressure, collective type of attack and type of technical action presented a significant and combined effect on the offensive success regardless of age category, playing position and match status. This study found tactical differences between U10 and U12 age categories and revealed important interactive effects of multiple tactical dimensions on the individual offensive behavior and performance in youth soccer players.

Playing 7 vs. 6 with an empty goal: Is it really an option for coaches? A comparative analysis between Portugal and the other teams during the Men's European Handball Championship 2020.

The dynamic of changes in the rules in team games materialize from research and debate between experts and coaches before being implemented by the International Federations. In Handball, the last changes occurred in 2016, and one of them was to substitute the goalkeeper with an additional field player allowing teams to play "empty goal" while using the additional field player. This study aimed to analyze and characterize the use of the 7 vs. 6 strategical-tactical option for the attack in the 2020 Men's European Championship. We also analyzed whether the game time and partial score influenced the use of 7 vs. 6 and its efficiency. Observational methodology and a mixed ad hoc instrument combining field format and category systems validated by experts were used. Data were taken from 28 matches involving teams in the first 12 positions in the 2020 Men's European Championship. The total number of offensive sequences in an organized attack method in 7 vs. 6 with an empty goal (n = 123) were analyzed. Sequential analysis techniques with lags, prospective and retrospective, and polar coordinate analysis were used. The results showed that (a) these solutions had poor efficiency, except for the Portuguese National Team; (b) teams using the 7 vs. 6 tactic option had no negative consequences or increased risk with the opponent response; (c) partial score influenced the decision to use 7 vs. 6 strategic option, and (d) game time was associated with 7 vs. 6 play options and detected patterns.

Effects of a notational analysis-based intervention on coaches' verbal behaviour according to physiological activation during competition.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a notational analysis-based intervention on coaches' verbal behaviour considering their physiological activation during competition and game actions. Verbal behaviour, physiological activation (heart rate), and game actions of 4 handball coaches were recorded for a total of 28 matches. Each coach was recorded in 7 matches, three pre-interventions, two post-intervention, and two retention. Verbal behaviour was assessed using the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS: Cushion et al., 2012), and game actions were coded as positive or negative depending on their outcome. In total, 15223 verbal behaviours and 3780 game actions were recorded. The intervention programme sought to help coaches to provide constructive information (corrective feedback and instructions) after negative events or actions, encourage players (especially when the team is losing or playing badly), reduce the protests to the referee, and reduce or eliminate punishment to players. Chi-square analysis suggested that the intervention stimulated the intended changes in coaches' behaviour, and that these changes were retained for subsequent games. Verbal behaviour changed depending on the physiological activation. This study suggests that a brief (two-session) notation-based intervention can elicit changes in coaches' verbal behaviour during competition.

Evaluating in the Real-World Educational Intervention to Improve Interference Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present deficiencies in interference control processes. The main aim of this pilot study was to analyze the efficacy of an educational intervention designed to optimize the interference control of eight ASD children, attending to their ASD severity level. A mixed-methods approach grounded in systematic observation and nomothetic/follow-up/multidimensional observational designs was used. An observation instrument was developed to code data, which were grouped according to the ASD severity level (Group 1, requires support; Group 2, requires substantial support) and were analyzed using a lag sequential analysis. The results show that, although both groups progressed during the intervention and could have continued to improve, each group evolved differently. Group 1 performed relatively well from the onset and increased and developed their interference control strategies throughout the intervention, while Group 2, despite also acquiring new interference control strategies, took more time to show improvements. One month after the intervention ended, both groups were unable to consolidate the strategies learned. A mixed-methods approach allowed for real interference control deficits in ASD children to be captured in a natural context. To conclude, it would be necessary to lengthen this intervention and adapt it to the needs of each group.

Design and Reliability of an Observational Framework to Evaluate the Individual Offensive Behavior in Youth Soccer-The INDISOC Tool.

Despite the great development of match analysis in professional soccer during the last decade, very few studies have assessed the individual technical and tactical behaviors of youth soccer players. The purpose of this paper was to design and assess the reliability of an observational instrument to evaluate the INDIvidual offensive behavior in competitive 7 and 11-a-side SOCcer (INDISOC). A total of eight experts in soccer training and analysis were included in the design of the tool by means of meetings and exploratory observations. This process involved design and re-design steps of the INDISOC tool to its final format which includes twelve dimensions related to the spatial, technical, and tactical constraints of individual behavior in soccer. The unit of analysis was the individual ball possession (IBP), described as the time that starts when a player can perform an action with the ball, and which ends when the IBP for another player begins. In the INDISOC tool, the IBP is analyzed taking into account three temporal moments: (1) receiving the ball, (2) processing the ball, and (3) culminating the individual action. Inter-observer and intra-observer analyses were performed and the kappa (K) coefficients were calculated to test the instrument reliability. The K values showed optimal inter (7-a-side: 0.73-0.95; 11-a-side: 0.76-0.98) and intra-observer (7-a-side: 0.84-1;11-a-side: 0.79-1) reliability levels. These results support the notion that the INDISOC observational tool could be a suitable instrument for analyzing the individual offensive behavior in competitive youth (7-a-side), junior and senior (11-a-side) soccer.

Análisis de la influencia del marcador en el rendimiento del juego de un equipo de la Tercera División Española de Fútbol: Estudio de caso / Análise da influência do status de partida no desempenho do jogo de uma equipe da Terceira Divisão Espanhola de Futebol: Estudo de caso / Analysis of the influence of the match status on the game performance of a Third Spanish Soccer Division team: Case study

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar cómo afectó el resultado momentáneo del partido en el rendimiento de un equipo perteneciente a la Tercera División Española de Fútbol. Se analizaron los 38 partidos disputados por el equipo de referencia durante la temporada 2018-19. Para valorar el rendimiento del equipo se emplearon los siguientes indicadores de rendimiento: duración de la posesión de balón a favor y en contra en diferentes zonas del terreno de juego, número de finalizaciones a favor y en contra, y de recuperaciones de balón. Los marcadores momentáneos con los que se segmentó el partido fueron: de empatar a ganar (EMGA), de empatar a perder (EMPE), de empatar a mantener (EMMA), de ganar a ampliar (GAAM), de ganar a empatar (GAEM), de ganar a mantener (GAMA), de ganar a reducir (GARE), de perder a ampliar (PEAM), de perder a empatar (PEEM), de perder a mantener (PEMA) y de perder a reducir (PERE). Se realizó la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney para comparar los 11 tipos de marcadores dos a dos(p<0,05). El principal resultado del estudio fue que el equipo jugó diferente en función del estado del marcador momentáneo. El estudio sugiere a los entrenadores de fútbol amateur que además de tratar de desarrollar un modelo de juego particular, deberían atender estrategias de trabajo donde se planteen escenarios diversos en relación al resultado momentáneo. (AU)

The purpose of this study was to study how the match status of the match affected the performance of a team belonging to the Spanish Third Division of Soccer. The 38 games played by the reference team were analysed during 2018-19 season. In order to assessthe team's performance, the following performance indicators were used: duration of ball possession for and against in different zones of the pitch of play, number of shots for and against, and ball recoveries. The momentary scores with which the match was segmented were: from drawing to winning (EMGA), from drawing to losing (EMPE), from drawing to maintaining (EMMA), from winning to increasing (GAAM), from winning to drawing (GAEM), from winning to maintaining (GAMA), from winning to reducing (GARE), from losing to increasing (PEAM), from losing to drawing (PEEM), from losing to maintaining (PEMA) and from losing to reducing (PERE). The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the 11 types of scores two by two (p<0.05). The main result of the study was that the team played differently depending on the state of the momentary score. The study suggests to amateur soccer coaches that in addition to trying to develop a particular game model, they should attend to work strategies where different scenarios are considered in relation to the match status. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar como o status do jogo afetou o desempenho de uma equipe pertencente à Terceira Divisão Espanhola de Futebol. Foram analisados os 38 jogos disputados pela equipa de referência durante a época 2018-19. Para avaliar o desempenho da equipe, foram utilizados os seguintes indicadores de desempenho: duração da posse de bola a favor e contra em diferentes áreas do campo de jogo, número de chutes a favor e contra e recuperações de bola. As pontuações momentâneas com as quais a partida foi segmentada foram: do empate à vitória (EMGA), do empate à derrota (EMPE), do empate à manutenção (EMMA), da vitória ao aumento (GAAM), da vitória ao empate (GAEM), de ganhar para manter (GAMA), de ganhar para reduzir (GARE), de perder para aumentar (PEAM), de perder para empatar (PEEM), de perder para manter (PEMA) e de perder para reduzir (PERE). O teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitneyfoi realizado para comparar os 11 tipos de escores dois a dois (p<0,05). O principal resultado do estudo foi que a equipe jogou de forma diferente dependendo do estado da pontuação momentânea. O estudo sugere aos treinadores de futebol amador que, além de tentarem desenvolver um determinado modelo de jogo, atendam a estratégias de trabalho onde sejam consideradosdiferentes cenários em relação ao status da partida. (AU)

Application of the Polar Coordinate Technique in the Study of Technical-Tactical Scoring Actions in Taekwondo.

The objective of this study was to design, validate and update an observation tool to analyse the technical-tactical actions by which taekwondo players win points. An ad hoc observational tool was developed for subsequent use in HOISAN software by viewing seven finals (14 viewings) in the Rome 2019 Grand Prix, collecting data (1,382 technical/tactical actions) from both winners and losers (women, n = 3; men, n = 4). An observational methodology based on a nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional (N/F/M) observational design was used. In the statistical analysis, to check the validity of the generalizability analysis, the Category/Observer (C/O) and Observer/Category (O/C) models were employed, and to determine reliability between observations (intra- and interobserver), the Pearson, Spearman, Kendall's tau-b and Cohen's kappa correlation coefficients were applied. One point were awarded for every penalty given against the opponent. Two points were obtained for a circular technique to the trunk protector (in winners) or by scoring a point for a punch plus a penalty against the opponent, three points in melee actions, anticipatory actions with the left side (winners), or after a punch action, and circular technique (losers). Four and five points were only obtained by winners, in a direct attack with the right leg, turning (five points) or simultaneous (four points). The results of this study provide information on the most effective technical-tactical actions in taekwondo for scoring points in a contest.

Emotional Self-Regulation in Everyday Life: A Systematic Review.

Emotional self-regulation in childhood and adolescence constitutes a growing interest in the scientific community, highlighting in recent years the need to observe its development in their daily life. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to characterize publications referring to the development of emotional self-regulation of people under 18 years-old, in natural contexts. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, searches are carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases, and in Google Scholar until May 2020. After reviewing the full text of 376 publications, 14 works are selected that are observed in their extrinsic, substantive and methodological characteristics based on the GREOM and MQCOM guidelines, by two independent evaluators. Most of the studies correspond to the last 20 years, increasing the interest in observing older children, in interaction with adults and/or in different cultures. They apply mixed methodologies, not always ascribing to a low intensity design. Strengths are observed regarding the collection and analysis of the quality of the data; and weaknesses related to the failure to record the duration and sequence of behaviors, highlighting the use of guidelines as guides for future research.

Análisis del error en los saltos xuanfengjiao y tengkong waibaitui en wushu. Un estudio piloto / Analysis of the Mistakes in Xuanfengjiao and Tengkong Waibaitui Jumps in Wushu

El objetivo de esta investigación es detectar y analizar mediante T-Patterns y coordenadas polares los errores técnicos y las secuencias conductuales que se producen en dos saltos con rotación de 540 grados integrados en las formas o rutinas de competición de wushu (taolu). Analizamos 47 formas de competición masculina sénior de ámbito internacional: 43 saltos Xuanfengjiao y 33 saltos Tengkong-Waibaitui. Los errores más frecuentes son el insuficiente grado de giro y la falta de altura de la patada a nivel de los hombros. Las secuencias de errores afectan al ataque del salto, al desarrollo aéreo, a la toma de suelo, y a la recepción y desequilibrios. Los técnicos, árbitros y entrenadores de wushu pueden utilizar estos resultados para mejorar el entrenamiento y desarrollo de la competición y perfeccionar la tarea de los docentes proporcionando feedbacks más precisos. (AU)

The objective of this research is to identify and analyze T-Patterns and polar coordinates and the technical and behavioral sequential mistakes that occur in two jumps with a rotation of 540 degrees integrated in the forms and routines of wushu competition (taolu). We analyzed 47 forms of an international senior men's competition: 43 Xuanfengjiao jumps and 33 Tengkong-Waibaitui jumps. The most frequent mistakes are the insufficient degree of rotation and the lack of height of the kick at shoulder level. The mistake sequences affect the attack of the jump, the aerial development, the landing on the floor, and the reception and imbalances. The wushu technicians, referees and coaches can use these results to improve the training and development of the competition and to improve the task of the teachers by providing more accurate feedbacks. (AU)

Effect of Teaching Method on Exercise Execution in Adolescents' Use of Outdoor Fitness Equipment.

The use of outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) is an effective strategy to promote physical activity. The equipment normally includes information panels with phrases and images describing appropriate exercises. However, as using this equipment inappropriately is a potential problem, it is important to find an optimal unsupervised instruction method for correct exercise execution. Our objective in this study was to determine which of several exercise prescription methods, without direct professional supervision, might best instruct adolescents to correctly engage in upper limb motor execution on outdoor flexion-extension equipment. A total of 54 adolescents from a middle socioeconomic level in northwest Spain participated in this descriptive and quasi-experimental study. We randomly assigned members of this convenience sample into three groups who received either video instruction, instruction via images or written panel instructions. We used observational methodology in videographic analysis to evaluate the mistakes participants made in motor execution with each instructional method. We utilized different analytic techniques from observational methodology: statistical analyses (means, standard deviation, confidence intervals, ANOVA, etc.) and detecting T-Patterns with Theme and polar coordinate analysis using HOISAN. Participants who relied on video instructions committed fewer errors than those who relied on panel instructions. The video method prevented loss of information that occurred when instructional images were used. We suggest including a QR code on outdoor fitness equipment in open-air parks to permit users to download an explanatory video to their mobile phones.